Ftv 106a Essay - 9564 Words

FTV 106A – Midterm Study Guide TA: Matthew Perkins 1A IDs – People to Know: †¢ Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904) o Born in Britain, emigrated to US early in life, by the 1870s had become a very prominent photographer, mostly photographed nature and animals; very well known o 1872 – Leland Stanford (one of the richest in the state) questions whether or not a horse has all its feet off the ground when it gallops, hired Muybridge to take pictures of racehorses and prove or disprove this o 1877 – Muybridge built special track with a camera house with 12 electrically operated cameras, and a marked fence along the track to give precise measurements of a horse’s position in each shot → each camera fitted with an electromagnetic shutter that†¦show more content†¦Biograph ï‚ § Biograph had its own camera so it could survive—in 1901 Edison sued them for patent infringement and won his case, but it was then appealed ï‚ § Edison reapplied for new patent, but kept losing ï‚ § Biograph was not in a financial position to survive if Edison took his case all the way to the Supreme Court—even when he was wrong, he was too powerful to lose †¢ W.K.L. Dickson (1860 – 1935) o First hired by Edison to create a machine that would project motion pictures o beginning June 1889 to work on the motion picture camera; 35 mm film (Edison gives him plastic film) o Dec 1895: Dickson created his own motion picture company without Edison (furious)—called the American Biograph Company = Edison threatens to sue due to patents so Dickson is forced to make his film company as different from Edison’s as possible o Used 70 mm film (higher quality) which was larger than the film he used at Edison—â€Å"large film showing large pictures† o He also used a mutoscope film viewer which was based off of a flip book (more durable product—cards fan in front of you to create the illusion of movement) ï‚ § 1892-1901: filmed at the Black Maria (1st movie studio in NJ, shack-like); but

Shallow Foundation Free Essays

Shallow foundations Shallow foundations are those founded near to the finished ground surface; generally where the founding depth (Df) is less than the width of the footing and less than 3m. These are not strict rules, but merely guidelines: basically, if surface loading or other surface conditions will affect the bearing capacity of a foundation it is ‘shallow’. Shallow foundations (sometimes called ‘spread footings’) include pads (‘isolated footings’), strip footings and rafts. We will write a custom essay sample on Shallow Foundation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shallows foundations are used when surface soils are sufficiently strong and stiff to support the imposed loads; they are generally unsuitable in weak or highly compressible soils, such as poorly-compacted fill, peat, recent lacustrine and alluvial deposits, etc. Pad foundations Pad foundations are used to support an individual point load such as that due to a structural column. They may be circular, square or reactangular. They usually consist of a block or slab of uniform thickness, but they may be stepped or haunched if they are required to spread the load from a heavy column. Pad foundations are usually shallow, but deep pad foundations can also be used. Strip foundations Strip foundations are used to support a line of loads, either due to a load-bearing wall, or if a line of columns need supporting where column positions are so close that individual pad foundations would be inappropriate. The main area of strip foundation are buildings with heavy walls (brick, concrete, stone), and heavy floor slabs. Strip foundation is located on the perimeter exterior walls, and placed under the supporting inner walls of buildings or other areas with increased load. Also strip foundation is well-suited for homes, which is planned to create basement, garage or basement. Strip foundation is also suitable in the case of a possible slight deformation of the base. Typically, strip footing located below the level of soil freezing at 20 cm of sandy soil You can lay the strip foundation and higher levels of freezing, but not more than 60 cm from ground level. For deep-freezing and highly swelling soils usually strip foundation shall not apply. Process itself strip foundation construction is simple, on the other hand it requires a fairly high cost of materials and work on the construction of the foundation. There are criteria for the minimum thickness of the foundation, which can be used building a house. Thus, the minimum thickness of reinforced concrete strip foundation – 10 cm of concrete – 25 cm, rubble concrete foundation – 35 cm, well and laying of natural stone – 50 cm in the construction of strip foundation to be also take into account the permissible load on the soil under the foundation. For clay soils at a depth of 80 cm load should not exceed 2 kg/cm2. In addition to pouring the foundation concrete mixtures, often strip foundations erected using ready-made foundation blocks or bricks. This speeds up the process of building a foundation. It should also be noted that during the construction of strip foundation is an opportunity to save money raising the foundation to the full depth only during the construction of heavy structures. There is still the most reliable option strip foundation remains solid foundation, more time-consuming and requires prior creating formwork and reinforcement training design to increase strength strip foundation. And in this case, the valves must be connected to each other by welding. Raft foundations Raft foundations are used to spread the load from a structure over a large area, normally the entire area of the structure. They are used when column loads or other structural loads are close together and individual pad foundations would interact. A raft foundation normally consists of a concrete slab which extends over the entire loaded area. It may be stiffened by ribs or beams incorporated into the foundation. Raft foundations have the advantage of reducing differential settlements as the concrete slab resists differential movements between loading positions. They are often needed on soft or loose soils with low bearing capacity as they can spread the loads over a larger area. Deep foundations * Piles Deep foundations are those founding too deeply below the finished ground surface for their base bearing capacity to be affected by surface conditions, this is usually at depths 3 m below finished ground level. They include piles, piers and caissons or compensated foundations using deep basements and also deep pad or strip foundations. Deep foundations can be used to transfer the loading to a deeper, more competent strata at depth if unsuitable soils are present near the surface. Piles are relatively long, slender members that transmit foundation loads through soil strata of low bearing capacity to deeper soil or rock strata having a high bearing capacity. They are used when for economic, constructional or soil condition considerations it is desirable to transmit loads to strata beyond the practical reach of shallow foundations. In addition to supporting structures, piles are also used to anchor structures against uplift forces and to assist structures in resisting lateral and overturning forces. Piers are foundations for carrying a heavy structural load which is constructed insitu in a deep excavation. Caissons are a form of deep foundation which are constructed above ground level, then sunk to the required level by excavating or dredging material from within the caisson. Compensated foundations are deep foundations in which the relief of stress due to excavation is approximately balanced by the applied stress due to the foundation. The net stress applied is therefore very small. A compensated foundation normally comprises a deep basement. Types of pile Piles are often used because adequate bearing capacity can not be found at shallow enough depths to support the structural loads. It is important to understand that piles get support from both end bearing and skin friction. The proportion of carrying capacity generated by either end bearing or skin friction depends on the soil conditions. Piles can be used to support various different types of structural loads. End bearing piles End bearing piles are those which terminate in hard, relatively impenetrable material such as rock or very dense sand and gravel. They derive most of their carrying capacity from the resistance of the stratum at the toe of the pile. Friction piles Friction piles obtain a greater part of their carrying capacity by skin friction or adhesion. This tends to occur when piles do not reach an impenetrable stratum but are driven for some distance into a penetrable soil. Their carrying capacity is derived partly from end bearing and partly from skin friction between the embedded surface of the soil and the surrounding soil. How to cite Shallow Foundation, Papers

Introduction to Management for CSL Limited - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Management for CSL Limited. Answer: Introduction Managing a business is an utter challenge for the irrespective kids of organizations across the globe. This is because of the fact that it takes many a strategies formation for successfully running the business and maintaining the earned reputation. This particular assignment is about the CSL Limited Company in Australia, which is one of the leading solutions globally for the numerous kinds of researches, developments, manufacturing of required elements to treat the critical medical conditions of patients. The wide range of its products includes such as blood plasma derivatives, antivenom, vaccines etc. The main purpose of this assignment is to check the business strategies of CSL Company. Moreover, this would also conduct an environmental analysis of the industry. Development and Growth of the Company A century ago, the company started its journey with a mission to protect the health of the entire nation. After the passage of so many years, the company is well standing on its committed position. The company is a global success in terms of its specialities. Numerous factors have contributed in the highly incremented success of the company. Those factors are but not limited to such as operational excellence, innovative ideas in the field of research development and the strategic partnership relations with different companies have all contributed in the highly incremented success of the company. Their business strategies have enabled them in reaching to the global customers. The Melbourne based company have experienced an almost tripling in its shares in the last five years. This is by any mean a commendable and remarkable performance (Mooney 2012). Nevertheless, the MA strategy of the company have enabled it in reaching to the global platform with a sound success. The tripling of t he shares is because of the acquisition, which the company has done by acquiring the Aventis Behring business of blood products from Frances Sanofi. The company is also heading towards the potential market such as China; however, the country is itself not very much aware of the technologies, which is better for the serious health problems that have existed in China. It is indeed very difficult to sell the plasma therapies kin such country; however, the government has started recognizing the requirements of such product in the country. Nevertheless, the CEO of the company believes that MA is part of our strategy, which adds value to their business (Csl.com.au, 2017). Criticism for Past two Instances the Outcomes In the past times, the highly competitive company has to face some criticism on different instances. The first of its kinds appeared in the year 2011 when the United States of Americas Food and Drug Administration (FDA) did issue a letter of warning to the CSL Limited against the identified deficiencies in the March audit. They issued warning and asked for the clarification on the identified deficiencies in the audit. They also threatened to cancel the license of operation of the CSL Limited if they fail to revert to the notice. The problem was identified after the adverse febrile reactions that have occurred to a child in the year 2010. FDA worked closely with TGA to find out the possible causes behind the reaction; however, so far, they have not succeeded in achieving the utmost results. The work is still going; which is why no serious actions and its validations could have imposed against the CSL Limited Company. The second instances of criticism did occur when the TGA did send commonwealth police to seize all the record stating the dealing of CSL with the polio vaccine. The CSL Company did receive the report after detecting the presence of SV40 DNA in mesothelioma tumours. The CSL Company did receive the notification from TGA in the year 1990; however, no such legal actions were imposed on the CSL Limited Company (Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), 2017). Environmental Analysis SWOT Analysis PEST Analysis of the Australian Pharmaceuticals Industry Political Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) Pharmaceuticals Benefits Scheme (PBS) United States-Australia free Trade Agreement Economy Elevating expenses on the health wellbeing Reducing prices of healthcare Social Alternative therapies are a threat to the industry Elevating numbers of Obesity cases Technology Adoption of Internet Technologies Inception of nanotechnology Table 1: PEST analysis Source: (created by author) The Australian government is very active in the pharmaceuticals industry, which is very much evident in its concerns towards the betterment off the industry and incepting ways to achieve the maximum success of the business. The PBS scheme is one of the beneficiary schemes brought into existence by the local government of Australia for bettering the infected people by reducing the prices of medicines and the medical equipments to the possible affordable rates. The Government has initiated this scheme to reduce the pricing on the subsidised medicines. This move is indeed very effecting and supporting in nature to the local publics of Australia (Gassmann, Reepmeyer and von Zedtwitz 2013). TGA is the regulating body that inspects and regulates the principle of operation of different pharmaceutical companies in the industry. The regulating body is to govern the proceedings of different companies in the pharmaceuticals industry in Australia. It is also responsible for classifying the different kinds of medicines and allocating this to the right direction (Barei, Le Pen and Simoens 2013). The free trade agreement in between the United States of America and Australia is also an important and strict system governing the medical practices of different companies in an appropriate manner. This is because of such agreement that the FDA of the United States of America did challenge the licensing issues of the biggest pharmaceutical company CSL Limited in Australia (Kayser and Warzecha 2012). The hiring concerns of the local government of Australia are well reflected in the lowering prices of the medicines. The local government is spending a huge amount on the pharmaceutical industry. The highly effective local government is doing some good work for the betterment of common people (Pabby, Rizvi and Requena 2015). The growing case of Obesity is a challenge to the industry as nothing so far has been done to control the epidemic. The demographic challenges are another challenge to the industry as the Australian are very depressed. This is a challenge to the industry that they bring something very effective, which effectively reduces the rising cases (Barei, Le Pen and Simoens 2013). The advancement of technology in the country has facilitated the flourishing of the industry to a high level. The advancement of technology has given birth to the nano technology, which is being encapsulated in the medicines to enhance their power (Jungmittag, Reger and Reiss 2013). SWOT Analysis Strengths Global footprint MA strategy Advancement of technology with the inception of innovative ideas Weaknesses Fall short in some critical issues such as the case in the year 2011 when it received the warning letter from the FDA of the United States Opportunities Highly enhancing industry in the country High-end supports from the local government Highly successful company both in the domestic and the international circle Threats Legal proceedings Use of nano technology Table 2: SWOT analysis Source: (created by author) The company is highly successful in both the domestic and the international circle. The highly competitive nature of the company and its strategy to have MA to enhance the dominion has placed this company on the global platform. However, the company has failed in reverting to the escalations raised against on some instances such as in the year 2011 from the FDA of the United States of America. The company has high chances of expanding to a larger market as the local government of Australia is highly careful on the pharmaceuticals industry. Some threats are also a concern such as alternative therapies and the usage of nano technology in the medicines (Mooney 2012). Leadership Style of the Organization The leadership style in the company is supportive, which is efficiently been driven by the CEO of the company. The CEO of the company is very efficient and believes work like a team. This is because of such reasons that the CEO of the company has been involved in some MA processes. One of the major business achievements that the company had achieved was happened after acquiring the Aventis Behring business of blood products from Frances Sanofi. The mentioned acquisition did help in enhancing the existing shares of the company. The CEO of the company is well innovative and very positive towards the organizational goal. The organizational culture is of good level, which is very much evident in the organizational practices. The company that had started its journey a hundred years ago is now one of the leading companies in the biotechnology industries in the world (Mooney 2012). Conclusion The CSL Limited is undoubtedly the leading pharmaceutical company in Australia. The company has also produced its impression on the global platform. The company is very quickly converting small things into a larger gain. However, the CSL Limited did also face some criticism in the past for some adverse reaction of the medicines. The FDA of the United States of America did also ask for the reports on the consequences; however, nothing could happen because the research works are still in process to identify the adverse febrile reaction of the vaccine. References Barei, F., Le Pen, C. and Simoens, S., 2013. The generic pharmaceutical industry: moving beyond incremental innovation towards re-innovation.Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal,2(1), pp.13-19. Braithwaite, J. 2013.Corporate Crime in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Routledge Revivals). routledge. Csl.com.au. 2017. CSL Limited RD for Plasma Therapeutics protein based medicines. [online] Available at: https://www.csl.com.au/research-development [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Gassmann, O., Reepmeyer, G. and von Zedtwitz, M., 2013.Leading pharmaceutical innovation: Trends and drivers for growth in the pharmaceutical industry. Springer Science Business Media. Jungmittag, A., Reger, G. and Reiss, T. eds., 2013.Changing innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: globalization and new ways of drug development. Springer Science Business Media. Kayser, O. and Warzecha, H., 2012.Pharmaceutical biotechnology: drug discovery and clinical applications. John Wiley Sons. Mooney, G., 2012.The health of nations: Towards a new political economy. Zed Books Ltd.. Pabby, A.K., Rizvi, S.S. and Requena, A.M.S. eds., 2015.Handbook of membrane separations: chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnological applications. CRC press. Paris, V. and Belloni, A., 2014.Value in pharmaceutical pricing country profile: Australia(No. 63). OECD Health Working Papers. Pbs.gov.au. 2017. Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) | Frequently asked questions. [online] Available at: https://www.pbs.gov.au/info/general/faq [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 2017. The TGA and the USA FDA agree about problems at CSL Biotherapies. [online] Available at: https://www.tga.gov.au/behind-news/tga-and-usa-fda-agree-about-problems-csl-biotherapies [Accessed 14 May 2017].